COMPLEX STUDY OF THE EPIZOOTIC, PATHOANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND INTERMEDIATE HOST MOLLUSKS OF FASCIOLIASIS AND DICROCOELIOSIS IN CATTLE IN KARAKALPAKSTAN

This article presents the results of studies conducted on the prevalence, invasion intensity, age, and geographical dynamics of fascioliasis and dicrocoeliosis in cattle in Karakalpakstan, as well as methods for their diagnosis and treatment. The initial stages of the research began in 1962–1966 when A.N. Nazarov studied the epizootic characteristics of fascioliasis in various zones of Samarkand region. In subsequent studies, the livers of 530 cattle were examined using a complete helminthological dissection method, identifying pathogens of fascioliasis and dicrocoeliosis, including Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, Dicrocoelium lanceatum, and other species. The study considered the extensiveness and intensity of fascioliasis invasion across different bioecological conditions, seasonal dynamics, and age groups. The article also discusses the pathoanatomical changes associated with fascioliasis and dicrocoeliosis, the condition of the bile ducts, and the role of intermediate host mollusks based on scientific evidence. Based on the research findings, scientifically grounded recommendations for rapid diagnosis, preventive measures, and treatment plans have been proposed. This study holds significant relevance for improving the quality of cattle meat products and enhancing local veterinary practices.