TASAWWUF AND ITS SCHOOLS
Keywords:
Tasawwuf, Divine Knowledge, Schools of Tasawwuf, Spiritual Teachings, Spirituality, Purification of the Soul, Dhikr, Qadiriya, Nakshbandiya, Mawlawiya, Suhrawardiya.Abstract
Tasawwuf is a spiritual and mystical doctrine in Islam, the goal of which is the purification of the soul, the attainment of spiritual perfection, and closeness to God. Throughout its history, it has become an important aspect of both personal and social life, being realized through special practices as well as external and internal ethical norms. Tasawwuf includes various schools and movements, each offering its own path to attaining divine knowledge.
The well-known schools of Tasawwuf include Muhasibiya, Kassoria, Tayfuriya, Junaidiya, Nuriya, Sahlia, Sayoriya, Uwaysiya, Adhamiya, Chishtiya, Maarufiya, Suhrawardiya, Mawlawiya, Nurbakhshiya, Safawiya, Ni‘matullahiya, Kubrawiya, Zahabiya, Shadhiliya, Bektashiya, Khalwatiya, Rifa‘iya, Nakshbandiya, Jamaliya, Qadiriya, Malamatiya, Khwajagon and Yassawiya. Each of these directions has its own unique features and teachings, which contribute to the development of spiritual understanding and transformation of one's inner state.
References
Komilov D.R. Sufism. 2016. Dushanbe: “Valiyor”. P. 86.
Al-Muhasibi – Risala al-Mustarashidin. 1984, Cairo: Dar al-Hadith. P. 12.
Uways Qarani – The Path of Uways. 2000, Mashhad: Dar al-Irfan. P. 45.
Ibn Arabi – Futuhat Makkiyya. 2001, Dar al-Kutub, Cairo. Vol. 3. P. 67.
Ibrahim Adham – The Divine Journey. 1997, Dushanbe: Irfon. P. 89.
Komilov D.R. Sufism. 2016. Dushanbe: “Valiyor.” P. 110.
Bahauddin Naqshband – Tariqat and Naqshbandiyya. 1992, Dushanbe: Irfon. P. 67.
Ahmad Yassawi – Diwan-i Hikmat. 1993, Kazakhstan: Turkestan Press. P. 34.
Khwaja Ahrar Wali – Risala al-Khojagon. 2001, Dushanbe: Irfon. P. 67.
