YEVROPA VA O‘ZBEKISTON CHORVACHILIGINI TAQQOSLASH: MAHSULDORLIK VA ISHLAB CHIQARISH TUZILMASI TAHLILI
Keywords:
chorvachilik, qiyosiy tahlil, sut mahsuldorligi, dehqon xo‘jaligi, kooperatsiya, ozuqa bazasi, naslchilik, Yevropa Ittifoqi, O‘zbekiston, agrar siyosat.Abstract
Maqolada Yevropa Ittifoqi va O‘zbekiston chorvachiligi bosh son, mahsulot hajmi, mahsuldorlik va ishlab chiqarishning tashkiliy tuzilmasi bo‘yicha qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi — ikki tizim o‘rtasidagi farqning asosiy manbaini aniqlash va O‘zbekiston uchun amaliy xulosalar chiqarishdan iborat. Tadqiqot ikkilamchi statistik ma’lumotlarni qiyosiy tahlil qilish usuliga asoslangan; muallif tomonidan dala kuzatuvi yoki so‘rov o‘tkazilmagan, barcha ko‘rsatkichlar Milliy statistika qo‘mitasi va Yevrostat nashrlaridan olingan hamda havola bilan ko‘rsatilgan. Tahlil shuni ko‘rsatadiki, O‘zbekistonda chorva bosh soni yetarli, hatto aholiga nisbatan yuqori, ammo bir bosh hisobiga mahsuldorlik Yevropa darajasidan bir necha barobar past. Farqning asosiy manbai naslda emas, ishlab chiqarishning tashkiliy tuzilmasida: mamlakatda sutning 92,8 va go‘shtning 84,9 foizi dehqon va tomorqa xo‘jaliklarida yetishtiriladi, bu esa yem-ozuqani balanslash, mexanizatsiya, sovuq zanjir va naslchilikni iqtisodiy jihatdan imkonsiz qiladi. Xulosada Yevropa modelini to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ko‘chirish emas, balki kooperatsiya, ozuqa bazasi va identifikatsiya tizimini birgalikda rivojlantirishga asoslangan yondashuv taklif qilinadi.
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