INTERPRETATION OF SINGLE-LETTER AUXILIARY WORDS IN "MIFTAHU-L-ULUM"

Abstract

The work "Miftahu-l-ulum" differs from other sources of the field in that it has a different method of interpretation. It can be felt in each of them that Abu Ya'qub Sakkaki wrote the subject of the work based on a special memory. Taking into account the characteristics of the auxiliary word group, Sakkoki wrote this word group in detail based on a special method. It can also be seen from the fact that the auxiliary words are divided into groups. The category of auxiliary words is covered by Sakkokiy under the topic "النواع الحروف - types of auxiliary words". First, in this topic, auxiliary words were divided into two groups according to their syntactic features, and according to their structure, which category they can come with, they were further divided into groups, and each of them was described separately. Based on his scientific conclusions, Sakkoki divided the groups of auxiliary words in the Arabic language into six groups and named each of them taking into account their syntactic features. Groups of auxiliary word groups divided by Sakkoki: Auxiliary words that bring the next word in the accusative agreement (komakchi)(ḥrwf aljr), auxiliary words that bring word groups independent of the verb in the accusative agreement ( نواصب الاسم), auxiliary words in the conditional mood (الحروف الجازمة), auxiliary words in the imperative mood (نواصب الفعل), words in the subjunctive agreement, then in the main agreement (ما ينصب ثم يرفع من الحروف), in the main agreement, and then in the subjunctive agreement (ما يرفع تم ينسب من الحروف). When dividing the words in the auxiliary category into types according to the structure, the author uses the number of letters as a criterion. The first of the group, divided according to the structure, is auxiliary words consisting of one letter. He described the syntactic features of such auxiliary words as well as the semantic differences.