IMRAS

HANAFIY FIQHIGA OID MANBALARDA ISLOM IQTISODI ASOSLARI

SH.Tuychiyev — 2025-04-01

Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi iqtisodiy jarayonlar va hodisalarni kategoriyalarga ajratib o‘rganganidek, islom iqtisodiyoti xam iqtisodiy voqe’likni muayyan iqtisodiy faoliyat turlariga bo‘lib o‘rganadi. Shunday faoliyat turlaridan biri bu moliya sohasiga oid bo‘lgan faoliyatlar va munosabatlardir. Islom iqtisodiyotida moliyaviy munosabatlar ham xuddi islom iqtisodiyoti nazariyasi asoslangan tamal asoslarga tayangan holda barcha moliyaviy munosabatlarni shariat ahkomlari va halol-harom kategoriyasi asosida baholaydi. Islom iqtisodiyotidagi moliya tizimi va moliyaviy munosabatlarning asosiy jihati shundan iboratki, bunda har qanday moliyaviy munosabat islomiy ko‘rsatmalar doirasida bo‘lishi talab etiladi.

TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION ROUTES

Maxkamova Dilafro‘z Xabibiddin qizi — 2025-04-01

Tuberculosis remains a global health problem with an enormous burden of disease, estimated at 10.4 million new cases in 2015. To stop the tuberculosis epidemic, it is critical that we interrupt tuberculosis transmission. Further, the interventions required to interrupt tuberculosis transmission must be targeted to high-risk groups and settings. A simple cascade for tuberculosis transmission has been proposed in which a source case of tuberculosis generates infectious particles that survive in the air and are inhaled by a susceptible individual who may become infected and then has the potential to develop tuberculosis. Interventions that target these events will interrupt tuberculosis transmission and accelerate the decline in tuberculosis incidence and mortality. The purpose of this article is to provide a high-level overview of what is known about tuberculosis transmission, using the tuberculosis transmission cascade as a framework, and to set the scene for the articles in this series, which address specific aspects of tuberculosis transmission.

COGNITIVE FACETS OF AFFECTIONATE COMMUNICATION IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LINGUISTIC WORLD PICTURE

Alimova M.Kh — 2025-04-01

This article explores the linguocognitive dimensions of affectionate communication, demonstrating how concepts such as endearment, pampering, closeness, politeness, empathy, and warmth are conveyed through various linguistic forms, both morphologically and lexically, as well as at the sentence level. Analysed examples show linguocognitive and pragmatic peculiarities of this linguistic phenomenon in the English and Uzbek cultures.

YOSHLARDA VATANPARVARLIK TUYG‘ULARINI YUKSALTIRISHDA AXLOQIY QADRIYATLARNING O‘RNI

Xamrakulov O‘tkirjon Maxmudovich — 2025-04-01

Ushbu maqolada, inson ma’naviy kamoloti, ta’lim-tarbiya va axloqiy qadriyatlar masalasiga alohida to‘xtalgan, chunki ta’lim-tarbiyaning uyg‘unligi komil shaxsni shakllantiradi. Ta’limni tarbiyadan, tarbiyani ta’limdan ajratib bo‘lmaydi. Bu - sharqona hayot falsafasi. Shu o‘rinda, axloqiy qadriyatlar negizida, yoshlarda Vatanparvarlik tuyg‘usini yuksaltirish yo‘lida erishilgan yutuq va masalalari yoritilgan.

REZEVDAGI VA ZAXIRADAGI OFITSERLARNI TAYYORLASHDA, HARBIY TA’LIMNING MAQSADI VA VAZIFALARI

Umarov Ismoiljon Olimjonovich — 2025-04-01

Ushbu maqolada Rezervdagi va zaxiradagi ofitserlarni tayyorlashda Chaqiqqacha harbiy ta’limning maqsad vazifalari, yoshlarimizni vatanparvarlik ruhida tabiyalash va ularni harbiy xizmat jarayonida duch kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan muammolar va qiyinchiliklarni yengib o‘tishga o‘rgata oladigan yagona fan ekanligini isbotlashdan iboratdir.

FORECASTING POPULATION DENSITY AND WATER RESOURCES IN UZBEKISTAN FOR 2025–2030: A NUMERICAL APPROACH USING THE TRIDIAGONAL MATRIX ALGORITHM

Jamshid Ozodovich Khasanov — 2025-04-01

This study presents a mathematical model to forecast the dynamics of population density uuu and water resources vvv in Uzbekistan from 2025 to 2030, based on historical data from 2010 to 2024. A system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) is employed to describe the interaction between population growth and water consumption. The model is solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme and the tridiagonal matrix algorithm (TMA) with an iterative approach, using real data-derived initial conditions and a Gaussian distribution for the spatial representation of population and water resources. By 2030, Uzbekistan’s average population density may reach , while water resources decline to under a baseline scenario, or with a 0.5% reduction in depletion. The study recommends implementing water-saving technologies, such as drip irrigation, to ensure sustainable resource management in Uzbekistan.

СИСТЕМА ДОПРИЗЫВНОГО ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ МОЛОДЕЖИ ПО СПОРТИВНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОЙ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ

Тошпулатов Аброржон Мирхокимович — 2025-04-01

Основные задачи подготовки призывников, такие как укрепление их здоровья, повышение уровня физической подготовки, формирование необходимых знаний, умений и моторики, нет они выполняются в полном объеме, то есть существует нереализованная социальная потребность в повышении уровня физической подготовленности допризывной молодежи, не разработаны методы использования эффективных физических средст отсутствует координация и интеграция различных компонентов допризывной подготовки в образовании, общеобразовательной школе, деятельности структур, направленных на обеспечение развития физической активности допризывной молодежи.

CRAFTSMANSHIP AS SOFT POWER: USING AI TO PROMOTE CULTURAL EXCHANGE THROUGH TEXTILE ARTS

Hikmatillo Umarhojiyev — 2025-04-01

Through this article I will examine how artificial intelligence (AI) combined with textile craftsmanship and cultural diplomacy creates new soft power tools through AI-enhanced platforms. Textile arts serve as vital cultural emblems because they connect deeply with heritage and represent identity as well as national symbolism. Yet, in a digital era, many artisanal forms face extinction or marginalization. By integrating AI tools such as pattern recognition, generative design, and blockchain-driven ownership systems, heritage crafts can be reimagined for global engagement. Drawing on the case study of Zarif.io—an AI-powered platform supporting the preservation and commercialization of traditional designs—this paper demonstrates how technology can amplify the reach, relevance, and diplomatic potential of textile arts. AI thus emerges not as a threat to authenticity, but rather as a bridge between tradition and innovation connecting cultures, economies, and generations. The article concludes by advocating for ethical frameworks and inclusive co-creation models to ensure equitable participation in digital heritage futures.

MODERN TRENDS IN EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION: REFLECTIONS FROM UZBEKISTAN’S NEW LABOR CODE

Xusan Ergashev — 2025-04-01

This paper examines the modern characteristics of employee compensation systems in the context of Uzbekistan’s newly adopted Labor Code, which came into force in April 2023. The article outlines key legal reforms related to wage systems, performance-based compensation, and digital payroll mechanisms. By applying a qualitative research method, including legal-document analysis and comparative labor studies, the paper highlights how these reforms aim to increase transparency, fairness, and efficiency in the labor market. The study also discusses the challenges of implementation, particularly in the private sector and rural employment structures. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of wage system modernization in post-Soviet and developing countries.

ADABIYOT DARSLARIDA ZULFIYA LIRIKASINI O‘RGANISHNING BADIIY TAHLILI

Abdumutalova Shirin Ahmad qizi — 2025-04-15

Zulfiya hayoti va ijodini o‘rganish, ularning insonparvarlik g‘oyalari bilan yo‘g‘rilgan asarlari mazmun-mohiyatini yoshlar ongiga chuqur singdirish va shu orqali ularda adabiyotga qiziqishi, vatanparvarlik tuyg‘ularini mustahkamlashga ko‘mak beradi. Ushbu maqolada Zulfiya lirikasining badiiy tahlili, uning ijodini o‘rganishda talabalarga zarur bilim, malaka va ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish imkoniyatlari hamda bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarni Zulfiya adabiy merosi bo‘yicha kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish haqida fikr yuritiladi.

KOMYUTER VA UNING ASOSIY QURILMALARI

Mirzaakbarov Dilshodbek Dovlatboyevich — 2025-04-01

Kompyuter – bu ma'lumotlarni qabul qilish, saqlash, qayta ishlash va chiqarish uchun ishlatiladigan elektron qurilma. Kompyuterning asosiy qismlari: Kompyuter tizimi, uning markaziy protsessori, xotira va boshqa qurilmalari.

THE ROLE AND PROSPECTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN UZBEKISTAN’S ECONOMY

Abdullaev Ibrohimjon — 2025-04-01

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are critical to the economic development of Uzbekistan, contributing significantly to employment, innovation, and financial stability. In recent years, Uzbekistan has undertaken a series of economic reforms to improve the business environment, fostering entrepreneurship and SME growth. However, challenges such as limited access to capital, high taxation, and bureaucratic hurdles continue to obstruct the expansion of SMEs. This paper explores the role of SMEs in Uzbekistan’s economy, analyzing their impact on economic growth, employment, and export development. Additionally, international best practices are examined to provide recommendations for enhancing the SME sector. By addressing the structural barriers faced by SMEs and implementing targeted policies, Uzbekistan can leverage this sector for long-term, sustainable economic growth.

“СHАQIRIQQАСHА YОSHLАRDА MАFKURАVIY IMMUNITETNI SHАKLLАNTIRISHNING IJTIMОIY VА PEDАGОGIK USULLАRI”

Hojimatov Nodirbek G‘ayratjon o’g‘li — 2025-04-01

Ushbu maqolada chaqiriqqacha yoshdagi yoshlarda mafkuraviy immunitetni shakllantirishga doir ijtimoiy va pedagogik yondashuvlar ilmiy asosda tahlil qilinadi. Yoshlar ongiga turli g‘oyaviy ta’sirlarga nisbatan tanqidiy fikrlash, axborotni saralash va mafkuraviy qarashlarda mustaqil pozitsiyani shakllantirish imkonini beruvchi usullar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, umumta’lim maktablarida, mahalla va oilada olib borilayotgan tarbiyaviy ishlarning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot IMRAD modeli asosida olib borilib, nazariy tahlil va amaliy kuzatuvlarga tayangan. Xulosa sifatida yoshlarda mafkuraviy immunitetni shakllantirishda ijtimoiy institutlar va ta’lim tizimining hamkorligi alohida ahamiyatga ega ekani ta’kidlanadi.

TALABALAR TURAR JOYLARDAGI QIZLARNI QO‘LLAB-QUVVATLASH HAMDA MAVJUD IJTIMOIY-AXLOQIY MUAMMOLARNI HAL ETISH BO‘YICHA XORIJIY MAMLAKATLAR TAJRIBASI

Bo‘riуeva Mahbuba Shavkatovna — 2025-04-01

Ushbu maqolada talabalar turar joylaridagi qizlarni qo‘llab-quvvatlash hamda yuzaga keladigan ijtimoiy-axloqiy muammolarni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha xalqaro tajribalar taqdim etilgan.

LINGUISTIC NORM AND SPEECH CULTURE

Nurxanova Zulfiya Uralevna — 2025-04-01

This article explores the concepts of linguistic norm and speech culture as essential components of speech activity. It emphasizes the importance of adhering to the norms of modern Russian literary language in various areas of communication.

The role of speech culture in effective, ethical, and appropriate communication is highlighted. Special attention is paid to the necessity of developing speech culture in the context of the modern information society.

БИР ГУРУҲ ШАХСЛАР БЕЗОРИЛИГИНИНГ ОБЪЕКТИВ БЕЛГИЛАРИ

А.А.Қабулов — 2025-04-01

бир гуруҳ шахслар томонидан содир этилган безориликнинг объектив белгилари таҳлил қилинади. Объектив белгилар сифатида содир этилган ҳаракатлар, уларнинг жамиятга хавфлилиги ва амалга оширилиш усуллари кўриб чиқилади. Шунингдек, гуруҳ томонидан содир этилган безориликнинг ўзига хос хусусиятлари ҳақида фикр юритилади.

MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF FILTRATION OF ANOMALOUSLY NONLINEAR FLUIDS IN A THREE-LAYER FORMATION

Kayumov S. — 2025-04-01

The article is devoted to modeling the process of anomalous fluid filtration obeying the curvilinear filtration law in a three-layer reservoir. A computational algorithm is developed and tested on test data.

ИМОМ БУХОРИЙНИНГ ЗЕҲНИНИ ИМТИҲОН ҚИЛИНИШИ

Ғиёсов Асқар Тиркашевич — 2025-04-01

Аллоҳ таоло имом Бухорийга ўткир заковат, кучли ҳофиза ва ҳар бир ишни пухта бажариш қобилиятини берган эди. Ушбу илоҳий неъматларнинг аломатлари у зотнинг гўдаклик чоғлариданоқ кўзга ташлана бошлаган эди. Ўн бир ёшли бола бўлатуриб, устозлари Дохилийнинг хатосини тузатганлари ҳам бунга далилдир.

SELECTED METHODS FOR SOLVING LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES

K.R. Kodirov — 2025-04-01

This article discusses methods for solving logarithmic inequalities by reducing them to simple algebraic equations and inequalities. Relevant examples are provided.

HARBIY TAYYORGARLIK MASHG‘ULOTLARIDA MODULLI O‘QITISHNING O‘ZIGA XOS TOMONLARI

Xolmonov Mansur Narzulloyevich — 2025-04-01

Maqolada harbiy tayyorgarlik mashg‘ulotlarini modulli o‘qitish orqali tashkil qilish natijasida ta’lim sifatini ma’lum ma’noda rivojlantirish bo‘yicha turli olimlarning fikr va mulohazalari tahlil etilganligi bilan asoslidir.

THE SCIENTIFIC AND CREATIVE ROLE OF THE PEOPLE’S ARTIST OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN, PROFESSOR SULTANALI MANNOPOV IN THE PROMOTION OF THE UZBEK NATIONAL MUSICAL ART

Usmanova Shakhnoza Iutfullaevna — 2025-04-01

This article deals with the Uzbek national songs, maqoms, yallas and various series of works that have become a tradition in the art of national singing of the Uzbek people the role of performers, singers, musicians and composers is open.

USMON AZIM SHE’RIYATIDA PEYZAJ-METAFORA

Aziza Elmirzayeva — 2025-04-01

Maqolamizda buyuk shoir Usmon Azim ijodidagi peyzaj-metafora masalasiga to‘xtalib, she’rlarda qo‘llanilgan peyzaj va ularning metaforik ma’no kasb etishi haqida so‘z yuritamiz. Shu bilan birgalikda maqolamizda tabiat tasvirlari insonning ichki his–tuyg‘ularining timsoli sifatida ishlatilganligiga e’tibor qaratamiz. Tabiat manzaralari (peyzaj) metaforaga qay tarzda aylanganligi xususida Usmon Azimning she’rlarini tahlil qilish orqali xulosalar beramiz.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LITERATURE FOR SOCIETY. PROBLEMS OF MODERN LITERATURE

Mubarakov Musa Baxadirovich — 2025-04-01

the article examines modern problems of Russian literature. Also, the main examples with a detailed explanation of the presented material are given. This scientific work also examines the options for the revival of modern Russian literature.

TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OPPRESSION AND RESISTANCE IN GEORGE ORWELL’S “1984” AND NAZAR ESHONQUL’S “GOROGLI OR THE WATER OF LIFE”

Dаdаbоеvа D.О — 2025-04-01

This article provides a typological comparison between George Orwell's “1984” and Nazar Eshonqul's “Gorogli or the Water of Life”, concentrating on the suppression of individual freedom through two unique but equally repressive systems: totalitarian surveillance and bureaucratic absurdity. The article uses a multidisciplinary perspective to examine how both authors depict methods of dehumanization and the futility of resistance under such systems, drawing on political theory, existentialism, and comparative literature.

NAMLANGAN LYOSSIMON ZAMINLARNING SEYSMIK TURG‘UNLIGINI BUZILISHI DISORDER OF SEISMIC STABILITY OF WATERED LOESS-LIKE SOILS

Berdimurodov Abdiqayum Eshnazarovich — 2025-04-01

Ushbu maqola namlangan leyossimon zaminlarning seysmik turg‘unligining buzilishi jarayonlarini ko‘rib chiqamiz. Namlangan leyossimon zaminlar, odatda, daryo bo‘ylarida, botqoqliklarda yoki gumbazlarda uchraydi va o‘ziga xos geotexnik xususiyatlarga ega. Ular yuqori namlikka ega bo‘lib, seysmik ta'sirlar natijasida tuzilishini o‘zgartirishi mumkin. Maqolada bunday zaminlarning sismik ta'sirlarga qanday javob berishi, ularning barqarorligi va potentsial xavf-xatarlar tahlil qilingan. Seysmik ta'sirlar natijasida yuzaga keladigan zamin siljishlari, eroziya jarayonlari, hamda gruntning zichlanishi va puchayishi kabi jarayonlar batafsil o‘rganilgan. Ushbu tahlil, yer silkinishlari va seysmik faollik yuqori bo‘lgan hududlarda qurilish va inshootlarning barqarorligini ta'minlash uchun zarur geotexnik tadqiqotlarni o‘tkazishning muhimligini ta'kidlaymiz.

TRАNSLАTIОN PRОBLEMS ОF PHRАSEОLОGICАL UNITS INVОLVING NАMES ОF FRUITS АND VEGETАBLES IN ENGLISH АND UZBEK

Jаkbаrоvа Sevаrаxоn Mаmurjаnоvnа — 2025-04-01

This аrticle exаmines the prоblems thаt аrise in the prоcess оf trаnslаting phrаseоlоgicаl units cоntаining the nаmes оf fruits аnd vegetаbles in English аnd Uzbek. The linguistic аnd culturаl аspects оf phrаseоlоgicаl units, their impаct оn trаnslаtiоn, аs well аs difficulties in finding equivаlents in the trаnslаtiоn prоcess, аre аnаlyzed. The аrticle discusses effective trаnslаtiоn methоds thаt tаke culturаl differences intо аccоunt.

PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE HUMAN PSYCHE AND LINGUISTIC MEANS OF ITS EXPRESSION

Feruza Hotamovna Muratkhodjaeva — 2025-04-01

This article studies the relationship of the phenomenology of the human psyche with thinking and the mechanisms of its linguistic expression. How human thinking and mental experiences are manifested through language is analyzed from the perspective of phenomenological and cognitive linguistics. The article shows, based on a phenomenological approach, the formation of the human psyche as subjective experiences and their connection with language through thought processes. The role of metaphor, metonymy, emotional lexicon, proverbs and phraseological units in expressing mental states is determined. The results of the study contribute to understanding the inner world of a person, the harmony of cultural thinking and linguistic means of expression.

SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES

Tokhirova Shokhsanam Farkhod qizi — 2025-04-01

Psychology is a science that studies man. The goal of psychology is to analyze human behavior and mental processes in the broad sense of human nature. Subject to observation are internal human processes and interactive processes occurring in the social and physical environment. Psychology as a science developed from the fields of sociology, anthropology, philosophy and biology, and also developed its own experimental methods. Psychology is one of the social sciences. The main empirical research methods are: experiment and observation. The most common subject of research is internal behavior, that is, mental processes and emotions; and external behavior, that is, actions performed by a person.

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION

Jumaboyev Sarvar Musurmonovich — 2025-04-01

This work attempts to investigate about the usage of artificial intelligence and digital technologies on contemporary educational systems regarding how it relates with teaching, learning, and student evaluation. Although increasingly implemented, there is a large gap in knowledge about ethical issues, the long term impact on autonomy as a learner, and changing roles for the educator. In order to address this, the study employs a qualitative literature analysis of previous research and observation of the context of Uzbekistan’s education sector. Results show that although AI based systems offer structured support in handling content delivery and evaluation, risks associated with academic dishonesty, data privacy, and if depended on too much, AI based systems can easily end up as a bad company. The proposals of the results are that it is necessary to develop balanced digital strategies aimed at reinforcing both technologic capacity and human centered values in learning. Indeed, the resulting implications necessitate the construction of ethical guidelines and ongoing research of the cognitive and behavioral consequences of AI environments of learning.

THE ESSENCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Turayev Makhmud Mukhamedovich — 2025-04-01

Physical education as a part of the general culture has practical significance. The article deals with the social significance of physical culture and sports in education.